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''Puffing Billy'' is an early railway steam locomotive, constructed in 1813–14 by engineer William Hedley, enginewright Jonathan Forster and blacksmith Timothy Hackworth for Christopher Blackett, the owner of Wylam Colliery near Newcastle upon Tyne, in the United Kingdom. It is the world's oldest surviving steam locomotive.〔(Steam locomotive Science Museum ).〕 It was the first commercial adhesion steam locomotive, employed to haul coal chaldron wagons from the mine at Wylam to the docks at Lemington-on-Tyne in Northumberland. == History == Puffing Billy was one of the three similar engines built by Hedley, the resident engineer at Wylam Colliery, to replace the horses used as motive power on the tramway. In 1813 Hedley built for Blackett's colliery business on the Wylam Colliery line the prototypes, "Puffing Billy" and "Wylam Dilly". They were both rebuilt in 1815 with ten wheels, but were returned to their original condition in 1830 when the railway was relaid with stronger rails. In the September 1814 edition of ''Annals of Philosophy'' two locomotives with rack wheels are mentioned (probably ''Salamanca'' and ''Blücher''), then there is mention of "another steam locomotive at Newcastle, employed for a similar purpose (coals ), and moving along without any rack wheel, simply by its friction against the rail road". From the context this is at a different location to ''Blücher'', so is probably ''Puffing Billy''. ''Puffing Billy'' remained in service until 1862, Edward Blackett, the owner of Wylam Colliery, lent it to the Patent Office Museum in South Kensington, London (later the Science Museum). He later sold it to the museum for £200. It is still on display there. Its sister locomotive, ''Wylam Dilly'', is preserved in the Royal Museum in Edinburgh. A replica has been built and was first run in 2006 at Beamish Museum. Another replica, built 1906 in a Royal Bavarian State Railways workshop, can be found in the German Museum, Munich. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Puffing Billy (locomotive)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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